Aurora Textile Company free essay sample

He used capital from a soft drink company to start Monsanto. 1920 Monsanto expanded into basic industrial chemicals like sulfuric acid. 1940 It became a leading manufacturer of plastics, including polystyrene, and synthetic fibers. 1970 Monsanto is the leading producer of Agent Orange for US Military operations in Vietnam. 1973 Monsanto began manufacturing the herbicide Roundup, which has been marketed as a safe, general-purpose herbicide for widespread commercial and consumer use, even though its key ingredient, glyphosate, is a highly toxic poison for animals and humans. Brief Historical Review 1976: The success of the herbicide Lasso had turned around Monsantos struggling Agriculture Division, and by the time Agent Orange was banned in the U. S. and Lasso was facing increasing criticism, Monsanto had developed the weedkiller Roundup† 1983: The first carbonated beverages containing aspartame are sold for public consumption. Diet Coke was sweetened with aspartame after the sweetener became available in the United States. 1996 Monsanto introduces its first biotech crop, Roundup Ready soybeans which tolerate spraying of Roundup herbicide, and biotech BT cotton engineered to resist insect damage 2000 Monsanto merges with Pharmacia and Upjohn, and ceases to exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Aurora Textile Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pharmacia forms a new subsidiary, also named Monsanto, for the agricultural divisions, and retains the medical research divisions, which includes products such as Celebrex. 2005 Monsanto purchases Seminis, a leading global vegetable and fruit seed company, for $1. 4 billion. 2007 Monsanto completes its purchase of Delta and Pine Land Company, a major cotton seed breeder, for $1. 5 billion. 2008- 2009 Acquires sugarcane breeding companies, and a Dutch hybrid seed company. Monsanto announces a project to improve the living conditions of 10,000 small cotton and corn farmers in 1,100 villages in India MISSION STATEMENT Monsanto Company establish policies, guidelines and processes, and perform continuous safety. pre-market stewardship includes project and technology program reviews. post-market stewardship centers around ongoing research and product monitoring, satisfying conditions of registration or regulatory approval, product safety concerns management, licensee management. CURRENT PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Monsanto’s breeders initiated an intensive effort to incorporate the breakthrough breeding technologies. They’ve developed with notable success in other row crops. Monsanto’s wheat breeders will be expanding their use of molecular markers and applying a greater knowledge about wheat’s genome. The objective of these efforts is to enhance the productivity, sustainability and profitability of wheat through improved yields and the reduced input of resources. HISTORICAL CORPORATE STRATEGY Monsanto utilizes a Horizontal integration. Internally: Monsanto has partnered up with 9 U. S. agricultural/bio-tech companies and up with 5 agricultural/bio-tech companies overseas. Externally: Monsanto has partnered with the particular firms that focuses on things that are technological similarity between the industries. HISTORICAL COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Monsanto has very few competitors and has a strong partnerships and collaborations with many agricultural companies making them the Cost Leaders in the industry of seed growing and production of chemicals. Monsanto different from other companies stems from the fact that they work directly with farmers to produce more food, conserving water and soil, to improve efficiency of seed growing and bio-technology oriented crop protection chemicals to protect the crops. Monsanto’s strategies are based on mass production of seeds, foods, and to help farmer’s having to work less by. Monsanto has been a company that worked alongside with the government.

Free Essays on College Vs High School

College versus High School School plays an important role in our life. Many of us will spend more than fifteen years at school in order to get the qualifications that are required to work in a specific field. Two important steps that we go through are high school and college. Even though some people would think they are almost similar, there are significant differences between them. Throughout this essay one should see many differences in high school and college in the areas of expenses, relationships between teachers, amount of work required, and the social environment. It is true to say that college is more expensive than high school. Of course, it provides a higher level of education, but by having such high fees it does not give a chance to them. In college students must have buy their own books whereas in high school they borrow them from the school for a year. As they do for high schools, the government should pay for the books and then borrow them to students, as they do in high schools. Paying for education can get expensive, but many people have to pay even more. Many cities do not have colleges, so students who want to get a higher education have to move away to another city where they will be provided the education they need. This often involves paying for an apartment, food, and sometimes for the bus, which is not, unlike high school, free. Clearly, college is a lot more expensive than high school. However, the cost is not the only thing to consider when comparing high school and college. The relation between teachers and students is also quite different. At high school, they see their students lower than them, not as equals. To tell the truth, it is very hard for high school students to become friends with their teachers, because of the fact that they are seen as simple students who have nothing to learn from their teachers. However, at college, it is easy to have a friendly relation with a teacher because their st... Free Essays on College Vs High School Free Essays on College Vs High School College versus High School School plays an important role in our life. Many of us will spend more than fifteen years at school in order to get the qualifications that are required to work in a specific field. Two important steps that we go through are high school and college. Even though some people would think they are almost similar, there are significant differences between them. Throughout this essay one should see many differences in high school and college in the areas of expenses, relationships between teachers, amount of work required, and the social environment. It is true to say that college is more expensive than high school. Of course, it provides a higher level of education, but by having such high fees it does not give a chance to them. In college students must have buy their own books whereas in high school they borrow them from the school for a year. As they do for high schools, the government should pay for the books and then borrow them to students, as they do in high schools. Paying for education can get expensive, but many people have to pay even more. Many cities do not have colleges, so students who want to get a higher education have to move away to another city where they will be provided the education they need. This often involves paying for an apartment, food, and sometimes for the bus, which is not, unlike high school, free. Clearly, college is a lot more expensive than high school. However, the cost is not the only thing to consider when comparing high school and college. The relation between teachers and students is also quite different. At high school, they see their students lower than them, not as equals. To tell the truth, it is very hard for high school students to become friends with their teachers, because of the fact that they are seen as simple students who have nothing to learn from their teachers. However, at college, it is easy to have a friendly relation with a teacher because their st...

Book Report - Night by Elie Wiesel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Report - Night by Elie Wiesel - Essay Example Through Eliezer, he relates his story although there were minor differences. Example, Wiesel was wounded on his knee and Eliezer was wounded on his foot. He created these slight variations to establish a distinction between him and his character. But Wiesel and Eliezer are the same persons. They share the same experiences, they share the same perspective, they share the same feelings. And because they have too many things in common, Wiesel could be lost in developing his narrative. This does not make Night a fiction story. Wiesel only made things a little bit different because it was too much memory to bear. There was a personal need to change certain things so he can continue with his narrative as truthful as it can be. As you would notice, the differences do not impact the experiences of the character. Whatever he felt during his experience, it was the same feeling that Wiesel felt at that moment he experienced it. Wiesel’s experience had left a mark on him. Although it did not completely destroy him, it changed him significantly. Who wouldn’t, when he had experienced the cruelty that man inflicted towards his fellow men. That was the essence of the last statement of the narrative. By the end of the story, Eliezer was a changed man. As Wiesel created a division between him and his main character by giving Eliezer slightly different experiences, Eliezer created a barrier between him and himself. He felt he was a different person as he looks at himself in the mirror. Although he sees himself, he feels that his reflection is staring at himself, that his eyes have their own life, gravely emphasizing the emptiness that he was feeling at that moment. Eliezer is a dynamic character. He changes with time within the story. This is significant as the narrative focuses on relating Wiesel’s experiences. The narrative is concentrated in telling Eliezer’s experiences through his own eyes. Whatever opinions there are, whatever tho ughts there are in the story, it was his and only his. You would not hear or see things beyond his thoughts. You would not read about Chlomo’s thoughts about his son. You would not find anything about Moshe’s experiences when he was caught by the Nazis. You would only observe and look into Eliezer’s thoughts and emotions. Eliezer’s relationship with his father was a significant point in the story. It became his stronghold, the reason for living through the dreadful torture and persecution of the Nazi era. During his childhood, he found the Jewish religion because of his curiosity. Moshe the Beadle was the one who guided him and taught him what Jewish religion is. When Hitler seized control of Romania, Eliezer found himself in the middle of a discriminating world. That’s when he started to get confused. He was not deeply affected when he heard Moshe’s stories about the cruelty done to the Jews. But when he saw it with his own eyes, his faith started to shake. He did not expect that world to exist and â€Å"never shall (he) forget those moments which murdered (his) God and (his) soul and turned (his) dreams into dust.† At â€Å"the first night in the camp†¦the little faces of children, whose bodies†¦turned into wreaths of smoke†¦(the) flames consumed (his) faith forever.† He did not expect that this could happen and everything that he learned in his Jewish faith was turned upside down. When he heard the question, â€Å"Where is God? Where is He,† his answer that â€Å"He is hanging here on this gallows† indicated that his faith is slowly dying, like the man who was slowly dying in front of him. Before this experience, he felt that the question â€Å"where is God† is a strange question to ask, that it is similar to asking, â€Å"why did (he) live(s) and why did (he) breathe.†

The Objective of Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Objective of Investment - Essay Example Investors now believe that real estate is an important investment opportunity and increasingly investors are investing in real estate (IPF, 2007). There are fluctuations not only in the asset or equity markets but even real estate investment have their own fluctuations as well. So, it is important for investors to analyze the rise and fall in the market of real estate. Therefore considering the changes in the market, the report aims to understand how the commercial property business operates as an investment and analyze the internal and external factor that influence the prices of properties. The main the purpose of the report is to understand how to maximize income on properties through purchasing the right product at the right time and how the capital value is influenced by that. The second part of the statement  will identify how to maximize the revenue in term of capital value and income revenue through ‘ProActive‘ Management, it will provide further knowledge towar ds the way management overall affect or improve the value of a property. Investment in commercial properties is defined as buying and purchasing of commercial properties with the objective of earning returns or buying commercial properties for the purpose of renting it. Adair et. al (2009) have published a report in which the properties of United Kingdom has been analyzed and from the analysis, it has been found that the value of the commercial properties in the  UK accounts to  £762 billion. However, the value of the residential properties is equal to  £3,400 billion. From the  £762 billion invested in the commercial properties, it has been found that almost 90% of the investors or owners of the properties are using their properties with the aim of achieving returns by giving their properties for rent to the tenants.

The Rusty Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rusty Time - Essay Example His father was getting more and more concerned, because Michael wasn’t the sociable little boy he used to be. As if he closed himself from the whole world, even him, his own father. No matter what he did, what he offered, Michael would bleakly, yet determinedly thank him, then refuse. He went downstairs and clicked on the big screen on the wall of the kitchen. A computerized voice greeted him facelessly, and asked what he would like to have for breakfast. He chose eggs and toast. The buzzing of machines wasn’t as loud as it was before they installed the newest Cook-O-Master. He thought to himself that his wife would have loved not having to cook anymore, but just indulge in her painting and taking care of Michael and him. He sighed and took the freshly prepared breakfast tray that the table produced before him. Michael stopped crying, but the sadness was all too visible in his demeanor. He went downstairs and joined his father at the table. He wanted no breakfast. †Å"Please, dad†¦ can we try it? Just once, I believe it is possible,† Michael started. â€Å"Mike, we’ve already had this discussion. You are putting me in an awful situation having to say no over and over again. I told you, even if we did try the procedure, it is questionable whether it would work. You know that the machine transports only live matter,† his father spoke calmly, feeling tired and heartbroken having to discuss a painful thing again. â€Å"I read somewhere that new additions are made to the machine and that they managed to transport some parts of clothing†¦ Dad, we can try, we have money now, I know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Michael,† his father’s voice was getting louder and more resolute, â€Å"You know it is impossible to transport money through time†¦ and you know†¦ I feel it’s my fault that we couldn’t afford to pay for your mother’s operation†¦ We could have saved her life†¦ If onlyà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  He buried his face into his hands and went silent. Michael felt bad and hugged his father soothingly. â€Å"Dad†¦ dad†¦ it’s not your fault†¦ you couldn’t have known we would win the lottery†¦ we had no money†¦ it was†¦ it wasn’t your fault, dad, it wasn’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It was, Mike, it was†¦ I am the provider, at least†¦ I was supposed to be, and I couldn’t provide your mother with the treatment†¦ it is my fault... my fault†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, dad†¦ listen, we can try, I read†¦ I read somewhere†¦ let’s try, we have money, we can afford it now. You can go, and pay†¦ pay everything they ask†¦ just bring mom back, please, dad, please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Michael was crying in his father’s arms. His father was crushed by the weight of his guilt. He didn’t want to raise their hopes up, only for them to be shattered like glass. It would be like losing her again. And he wasn’t strong enough to go through that pain again. Not again. But, looking at his son, he felt stronger. Maybe, he thought to himself, maybe it is possible. If I make a few phone calls, maybe someone does know something. Having made several phone calls, he turned to Michael, who was looking at him with puppy dog eyes. â€Å"Alright, son, they said that they did manage to transport several pieces of cloth to the past. And, they said they are willing to give it a try, provided we pay them enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Michael jumped into his father’s arms. â€Å"But, Mike, Mike†¦ Promise me that you won’

Social Network Self Image And Esteem Media Essay

Social Network Self Image And Esteem Media Essay Social Networking is the act of interacting and networking with others in a social online environment via the use of a website It includes a variety of technology tools on the internet which helps the society interact and exchange media, information and resources such as pictures, songs, articles and ideas it could be through text, audio, video, images, and other multimedia communications. Social Networking has escalated to a point where it becomes part of peoples everyday living. These sites have provoked a lot of controversies and reactions; they have increased well overtime and have become so popular around the world mostly because of the freedom that comes with it. Just in a little while you can make friends across the globe, get to know so much about them and their cultures and beliefs. It is the fastest growing tool of communication on the internet and just like all other sites on the internet it has its advantages and disadvantages, I realized that it has most especially influ enced the society on their self-esteem or self-Image negatively and I proposed this study to explore the effects of a particular social network face book how it has affected how we feel about or see ourselves, others and the world at large but also how we can use it to our advantage instead. This study seeks to understand how these networking sites affect its users psychologically. We know that Human communication in its most primitive form has been in existence since the genesis of humans. However, the past three decades has shown that the basis of how people exchange information has taken a different dimension. One reason for this change is the development in the technology of communication, such as: the use of Internet, instant messaging, and social networking sites, just to mention a few. Researchers pondered in time past if the Internet would improve the traditional face-to-face (FTF) communication (Flaherty, Pearce, Rubin, 1998; Barber, Mattson, Peterson, 1997;London, 1993) . Researchers today are still arguing whether that transformation has come to pass (McLeod Ho, 2008) and what the effects of that substitution will be. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pageà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Abstractà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. Introductionà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1 Research Questionsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. 2 Research Objectivesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3 2.0 The Problem Statementà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 3 2.1 Significance of the studyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦. 4 2.2 Structure of the researchà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ 5 List of Figures Social Networking Websitesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦.. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Social networks have had a great impact on our self-image and esteem from the onset the reason may be because it doesnt allow readers, viewers or listeners to participate in the creation or development of the content. It is a platform for people from all over the globe to come together and socialize with each other. It is so fast growing we can see that it has captured the attention and minds of millions. Jen Comas Keck studied that over half of the women she interviewed said that looking at pictures and status updates on social networks sites made them more self-conscious about their body and their weight. In the same study she said that  the most avid female social media users were also more likely to be unhappier and less content with their lives than others.  (Jen Comas Keck, 2012). Its hard to deny the addictive qualities of the social media. If you cant stay off it and what you see is making you feel bad about yourself, I think we can agree that it can be pretty dangerous for your self-esteem.  It seems like nowadays, having a positive body image isnt something that comes naturally for most people. It has to be worked towards.   Even though these social network sites undoubtedly serve as some kind of entertainment for us it is an undeniable fact that it is also affecting us on some deeper level. Face book has made life seem like a competition for most people because it involves whos the best of what or whos more sexy or appealing to the general public. Fig 1: Social Networking Websites Angela Haupt shows that she blamed Facebook for the promotion of poor body image. She said The popular social networking site may be promoting poor body image among its users, according to a new survey from the Centre for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt in Maryland. About 75 percent of Facebook users said they were unhappy with their bodies, and 51 percent said seeing photos of themselves on the site made them more weight conscious. Slightly more than 30 percent said they felt sad when they compared Facebook photos of themselves to their friends photos. People are now constantly aware of their appearance, thanks to Facebook, (Steven Crawford) A common reaction is, I need to be thinner. And its that kind of thinking that can lead to hazardous dieting. Facebook is an influential factor in developing severe eating disorders. Dr Gwenn OKeeffe stated that For some teens, social network sites is the primary way they interact socially, rather than at the mall or a friends house, OKeeffe said in a prepared statement. A large part of this generations social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones. Parents need to understand these technologies so they can relate to their childrens online world à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ and comfortably parent in that world. 1.1 Research Questions How does face book affect the self image or self esteem of its users and about the addiction it causes also the effects of cyber bullying? What are the categories of people mostly affected by these effects of face book? What can be done to avoid or at least reduce the impact of the hazard caused by face book and turn it to our advantage? 1.2 Research objectives 1. To investigate the effects face book has on its users. 2. To investigate the categories of people affected most by the effects caused by face book. 3. To investigate ways to avoid or reduce such conflicts on face book and how to improve self worth even while using the social network. 2.0 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT Face book was invented by a Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, he is a computer programmer and internet entrepreneur (management of face book newsroom {2012}) face book was created as a platform for communication between friends, classmates and the world at large. It was aimed at creating a forum where people can interact freely with each other through their ideas, thoughts, pictures and personal conversations. It took a turn around when it was realized that people started using it as an opportunity to showcase themselves mainly through their pictures and those with more attractive pictures were giving more attention now causing the less attractive to feel unwanted and even a bit depressed. Researchers have proven that it actually detracts from a strong sense of self-worth, (Amanda Forrest and Joanne Wood in  Psychological Science) studied that those with low self-esteem frequently post updates that work against them. They tend to criticize their friends with negative details of their lives, making them less likeable as friends but those with high self esteem were well received. Face book is like a world of fantasy but people take it too serious and tend to be hurt by everything they read or see and are easily hurt when it seems like everyone is having more fun than them. 2.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this research paper is to identify the effects face book has on its users and to find ways to help reduce the problems by giving my opinion and bringing up suggestions in which we can be on face book without feeling bad about ourselves. 2.2 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH: The structure of my research will be as thus: Chapter 1 Introduction The first chapter will discuss the background study and introduction about this research. This includes the research question, objectives and scope of the research amongst others. Chapter 2 Literature Review This section will discuss the secondary data and other relevant information related to my research and the views of previous researchers too. Chapter 3 Research Methods Ill present the various techniques I used for my research and Ill discuss the method of data collection too. Chapter 4 Data Analysis Ill discuss the analysis of the data collected. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations and Limitations This will be the last chapter Ill discuss about my findings of the research and recommend on solutions I find suitable. Limitations Summary, Bibliography and References. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION: The social networking sites are defined by the oxford dictionary as a network of social interactions and personal relationships also a dedicated website or other application which enables users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, etc (online oxford advanced dictionary) These social networking sites can be seen as a site which lays its focus on connecting people who share common interests, or activities. It provides a means which enables users to interact with others over the internet that is instant messaging or email. These sites are meant to aid users share interests, ideas, activities etc with other people in the same network groups. Below are examples of well known social networking sites. Facebook Twitter Badoo Bebo Hi5 Tagged Skyrock Flicker Youtube Linkedin Facebook is a renowned social network site which was established in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg alongside his roommates and fellow Harvard University students Carlson, Nicholas (March 5, 2010)At Last à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded. At first the membership of the site was limited only to the founders and students of Harvard University it was however extended to other students in Boston and gradually it spread to other Universities in the United States and now all over the world. It is without a doubt the most popular social network site on the internet and all over the world. I believe facebook Brings together every kind of social group in one place and allows them interact, I believe everyone have different reasons why they join Facebook, some for businesses, pleasure, catching up with old friends or making new ones, some to discover the trend in music or arts or advertise their products or businesses it can be used in a lot of ways and honestly it depends on what it can do for you, while some have found it to be very beneficial and advantageous, others have really had a tough time on it. I will be discussing some of the advantages as well as disadvantages of Facebook as a social networking site below: Advantages: it is undeniable that it has become a very good form of communication because it has become universal and almost everyone has a Facebook account whether they are active or not; it helps people keep in touch with the world or reconnect old friends, or even help people meet and make new friends. Also it is now one of the best ways to stay informed about the latest news, business, fashion trends, arts, music and a whole lot of things. Well we can see that these social networks interconnects family, friends through constant communication or being up to date in each others lives when it is impossible to communicate face to face. Social networks since they began have made it easier for everyone to be more involved and educated about whats going on around the world. People in Africa can meet and learn things about people in the UK and vice versa there is no barrier geographically. There has been an increase in inter racial friendship and more knowledge about other cultures, beli efs and ethics are being learnt daily. Before social media sites began, we gained knowledge about other countries or people mainly through the media {TV, radio, newspapers etc.} but now we dont really need the media because with the social sites we can learn about all we need to know by interacting personally with citizens of the country or see the news from different perspective in an unbiased way, and sometimes we stay more informed with this sites because not everyone watches the news or read the papers, but one can accidentally read or hear about it on social networks. It has in a huge way helped people to air their views and opinions on certain issues, people can talk freely about politics, music, arts and so many other issues, even celebrities now have an easier avenue to inform their fans on the tours, their lifestyles, and also determine their fan base all around the world. Interestingly, some of these sites such as facebook have helped in solving some crimes, e.g. there was a case of some criminals who had stolen and came on facebook and bragged about it. They were tracked down by the authorities through that. It is also used as a forum to raise funds for charities or raising awareness about certain illnesses. There is an instance of a life being saved by an organ donor because of a post on a facebook. These social networks are free so its a cheaper way to keep in touch with people and for business owners it doesnt cost them anything to advertise their products and keep in touch with their consumers. From all the points above we can see that these social networking sites help us broaden our knowledge and widen our culture. Disadvantages: Just as everything with an advantage it also has its disadvantages. Personally I think the disadvantages have a larger and most standing effect, which is one of the reasons why I have chosen to talk about them. One of the most common is identity theft or fraud. Overtime these sites have been used by people to scam and assume the identities of whoever they want to Impersonate, most of the accounts are hacked into or pictures of people taken due to the low level of privacy people have on these sites and are used for fraudulent purposes. Another great disadvantage I want to consider is the Addiction; these sites can be so addictive and time consuming that the individual loses the will to do anything else except stay online at all times, cyber bullying is another great disadvantage because this affects the individual deeply and has been the cause of depression which leads to suicide. Our self esteem and self image are at a huge risk because the world is becoming more diffi cult to please and certain standards are being raised that one has to meet up to, a lot of people have to bother with self image and self esteem issues everyday of their lives and now with all these social networks everywhere it has become harder to deal with because they out their lives out there hoping to be appreciated but in return get bullied or made fun of, this will hurt their pride and demoralize them even. I intend to carefully take out time and explain these terms I mentioned above and show how they pose as a life changing problem to individuals. Almost everyone these days has access to the internet, even if they dont have a laptop or desktop they have their hand phones which they can equally use to access facebook. Addiction Can be defined as  the continued use of a  mood altering substance  or behaviour despite adverse dependency consequences (Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres 2008),  or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviours. {American Society for Addiction, Medicine (2012)}. It occurs when a person is engaged in activities that are pleasurable to them but as they engage more often it becomes a compulsion than voluntary act and it begins to interfere with their normal daily activities, schedules or responsibilities. Addiction can either be on substance dependence or drug addiction which is the most common or behavioural addiction (sex, internet, gambling etc). Medilexicons  medical dictionary defined it as  Habitual psychological or physiologic dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control. Fig 2: Facebook Addiction Behavioural Addiction: This is the type of addiction that doesnt depend on drugs; it is in no way substance-related {Albrecht U, Kirschner NE, GrÃÆ' ¼sser SM. (2007)}, it can also be known as a process addiction (Shaffer, Howard J. Understanding the means and objects of addiction: Technology, the internet, and gambling) It includes an exigency to frequently engage in a particular activity until there is a serious destructive repercussion which affects the individual physically, socially, mentally, and even financially. The proof of definite addiction is known when despite all these consequences the individual remains persistent. Its not in all cases that the substance or behaviour which causes addiction is harmful; sometimes a seemingly harmless activity or substance like chocolate, internet, coffee and a lot more arent harmful in nature but the excessive and repeated use of them can lead to a strong addiction and become harmful. The facebook addiction is a behavioural one its Addiction can lead to over-exhilaration, and cause apprehension and stress, wreck relationships, and can stand as a menace  to the family entity. The lack of interpersonal physical attraction can be quite harmful. Previous studies have shown that facebook can be very addictive because people stay on the internet all day, not only through laptops or desktops but through hand phones too because most of these sites now have applications on phone, thereby making it easier for accessibility at any time and place. People actually ignore their real lives for social networks, they prefer to spend time with their online friends than face real life, theres been complains from a lot of parents about their kids addiction to social networks and how it distracts them even from doing homework , house chores and prevents them from socializing with their peers. These social networks place no limit to what information can be placed out there for everyone to see; most people tend to share too much information about themselves or family or even about others. Most times this information has encouraged cyber-stalking. Besides the addiction and it makes its users to decline in face to face communication with other individuals, people hide behind the computer screen and assume any sort of personality but in reality they are far from the appearances they put up on the internet, it is also scary because in as much as they can assume a personality so can anyone else, so people are usually deceived by whatever they are led to believe on these social networks. In my country Nigeria, there was an incident which occurred involving a girl who met some guys on facebook and started off as friends and got very close and they decided after a while to meet up physically, things turned out for the worse when she got raped by them and almost killed. She was a vi ctim because she was gullible and got carried away by everything she perceived them to be on facebook. It is so evident to see that anyone can assume any identity on the internet. Theres an outline below on the effects of facebook addiction on us: Concentration loss: when our ability to concentrate is being jeopardized it causes disruptions and makes us always lag behind in our work or everyday life. Stress: this is an important effect of facebook addiction; it causes us to be stressed out thereby lowering our emotional ability to understand. The need to always be online: it gives us this endless need to always be online even if theres nothing serious to do online. Comparison: people mostly use facebook to show-off so when we see all the fun activities and happy posts of people it breeds jealousy and resentment. It makes us unconsciously compare our lives and activities to others Living an imaginary life: it debilitates our contentment with real life happenings and can lead to depression. Time wastage: it occupies our time thereby leaving us no room to engage in other profitable activities. Physically: it can affect us physically because sitting for long and staring at the computer can either hurt our backs or make our eyes blur. Mental disorder: it can cause us to deteriorate in other activities and cause stress. When a point is reached where the tension and despair supersedes any pleasure or benefit which was once gotten from the habit then it is safe to say the individual is very addicted to that cause. Cyber bullying This is the type of bullying which take place via electronic devices, either through email, instant messaging, cell phones, chat rooms etc. People use technology to harass or send threats has been on the increase since social networking sites became so popular; it has a very devastating impact on its victims such as depression, loneliness and suicide. People are so mean online, whether its friends or people you know to total strangers. Cyber bullying can take form in different ways: Through abusive texts and emails Posting nasty messages or pictures Emulating others online Ignoring others online Inappropriate tagging of pictures Inappropriate conversations Posting personal information about people online Sometimes it is even stretched out by an individuals account being hacked into and the hacker poses as the individual and uses the account to harm the individuals personality or reputation. There are also so many instances on suicidal cases caused by cyber bullying but despite all these it is still on the increase and more people are affected daily. Cyber bullying is very different from bullying that take place face to face because; The bully can assume a sense of anonymity. It is very difficult to avoid and can take place at any time sometimes for 24hrs. The individual can be targeted wherever they are, it can be obtrusive. It takes place on a social platform so it has a larger number of spectators. Anonymity is an active compelling force, the thought of being hidden behind a fake-screen name gives us this feeling of invincibility and invisibility so we feel we can do and say anything we want. Nevertheless on facebook we are not as anonymous as we think in fact there can hardly be anonymity on facebook, most times even with our identities being known we still act inappropriately. Were less self-conscious on facebook because the interactions happen over cyberspace and we cant see the physical response of the individual we are remitting. In such cases it is hard to lay emphasis on things that actually matter like getting to know each other and our differences; instead we spend our time barbarizing each other. When online people forget the term treat others how you would want to be treated they just act totally out of place. Ive seen good, nice people behave like jerks on facebook just because they feel invincible. Fig 3: Cyber bullying Mostly self image and self esteem are mistaken to be the same thing, even though they are closely related they are different. Self Image It is known as the mental picture which one has already in their minds about themselves or about how others view them. Wikipedia online defines it as the picture in ones mind that is hard to change, that represents not only details that are feasibly available to objective probe by others (height, weight, hair colour, etc.), but also personal experiences or by  the judgments of others which also contributed in teaching the person about themselves or how they perceive themselves What do you believe people think about you? Self image can be seen from three different perspectives: The first is an outcome of how the individual sees himself The second results from how others actually see the individual Lastly, this results from how the individual perceives others see him. Sometimes these perspectives might not be the truth about an individual and at times all three can be accurate. Self image is a very important part of anyones life because it has a huge impact on how we live and relate with others. Poor self-image is mostly as a result of so much negativity of criticisms one has heard about themselves either from childhood or even as grownups. Children and teenagers mostly fall victims of poor self-image because they are still very vulnerable and prone to believe anything people say about them, mostly because they are not very mature to evaluate those things said and able build a good self-esteem on their own. There are some set of people who naturally have this feeling of unworthiness they are easily exposed to exhibit a poor self-image. Poor self-image can arise mostly from the type of personality one has or exhibits. When evaluating others the level of self-esteem of the evaluator comes into play because it is most likely that they will present their judgement based on how they feel about themselves. When individuals evaluate someone, they are less likely to evaluate that person negatively if their self-images had been strengthened through a self-affirmation procedure, and vice-versa they are likely to evaluate that person stereotypically if their self-images have been intimidated by negative feedback Fein, S., Spencer, S.J. (1997. Individuals may restore their self-esteem by disparaging the member of a stereotyped group Florack, A., Scarabis, M., Gosejohann, S. (2005) Our self image can be greatly affected by what we see or hear about ourselves. Fig. 4: Self image I believe Social networks are a form of an illusion which allows people to live in a fantasy and are allowed to exaggerate on anything they deem fit. Self Esteem This Reflects on the total emotional appraisal of an individual on his worth. It is a way one judges himself or the attitude with which one views himself; it circumscribes ones belief of ones self {for example, am I worthy, and am I adequate} it swirls up deep emotions such as elation, depression, hate, pride and embarrassment (John P. 2009). The self-concept is what we think about self; self-esteem is the positive and negative evaluations of our self and our feelings towards it (E.R. Smith/D. M. Mackie, Social Psychology 2007). Self-esteem is closely related to self consciousness; it explains the self judgemental side of an individual which appends worthiness feelings, discouragement and closely related feelings. Self esteem has very little to do with how others view the individual it is mainly ones self-judgement of their appetency. It can also be seen as self confidence or self respect, it is a very important and delicate part of our existence because it affects even the life changing decisions we make, helps us face challenges in life, it even broadens our understanding on solving problems. It also gives us a sense to our right to be happy and respected. Self-esteem is being hurt when individuals feel inconsistent with the happenings of the world or they feel centred in a way of not being able to meet up to standards, or even feelings that they are being closely watched and scrutinised for one reason or the other. It is closely related to our well being psychologically so it is to be treated with carefulness as a delicate part of us. Self worth, self respect, self integrity and self regard are all synonyms associated with self esteem. It is an opinion of how people see themselves, for example personally I consider myself a good person and I feel particularly good about it, now that is my self esteem it is my opinion about myself but if everyone around me thinks differently and constantly points out how bad of a person I am, eventually these thoughts will begin to seem true to me and that is the same way facebook affects our self esteem and messes our mind up. Everyone no matter how perfect they seem face lack of confidence in some instances, but some people just have a very low opinion of themselves with this constant feeling of being inadequate, so they are very sad and unsatisfied with themselves almost all the time, and its difficult though not impossible to change this mindset so it causes anxiety and depression to the individual. Having a high self esteem is healthy because it boosts ones likeness for their selves thereby making it easy to set and accomplish certain goals. Fig 5: Self esteem There are certain traits which an individual with low self esteem portrays which are very evident, below are the most common. Always ignoring their positive or good qualities Exorbitantly critical about themselves. Always uses contravening words to describe themselves. E.g. Ugly, fat, foolish, etc. They always indulge in negative self talk which curtails them talking bad about themselves to themselves. Hardly believes in compliments, sometimes might even misunderstand it and think theyre being made fun of instead. Always blames themselves for everything that goes wrong, even uncontrollable forces or actions of people Never takes credit for their accomplishments, instead believes luck plays a huge role in it. Self esteems main problems occurs when individuals compares themselves with others, it causes a deep frustration and also when they dont get more comments or likes as they feel they deserve or even try to compare it to that of their friends through. This can cause serious strife and unnecessary envy amongst friends or even family members. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction This chapter of my research study is focused on the research methodology which was used in this project, as well as identifying and sampling the population involved. The research hypothesis and framework were developed in this chapter, also the methods that were used in distributing and collecting the questionnaire will also be discussed. Furthermore it explains the methods used to conduct the research elements of the study, so it stretches out to discuss the research design, the purpose for the research, subjects and material tools and steps taken. The scope of the study will be identified here. I will specify the sources of my information, the technique of research, and the methodology of sampling. Type of Research This research is an applied one made with an effort to expand my knowledge and any other researcher in the field of social networks and most especially its effects. It will also serve as a fundamental for future research by scholars in that particular field. Purpose of the research This study is an analytical research which seeks out to explain how these social networking sites work and the long lasting effects it has on us. This research is expository also as it can help users of facebook aware of the damage it can create for them, t

The Impact Of Television Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

The Impact Of Television   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning, there have been mixed reactions to television and it was E.B. White who wrote "I believe that television is going to be the test of the modern world, and in this new opportunity to see beyond the range of our own vision, we shall discover either a new and unbearable disturbance of the general peace or a saving radiance in the sky. We shall stand or fall by television, of that I am sure." (Murray 7) White was correct, it would either be beneficial or detrimental to society. Ever since the first television station was licensed in 1941, our lives have been effected by the presence of television. However, this effect is not for the negative since it is used from simple means of entertainment to a widely used, invaluable, source of information. It is also an excellent aid in preparing children for school and assisting in educating children after they have begun school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every day millions of people turn to their televisions as a form of escape from the pressures and stress of day to day life. The television, to them, serves the purpose of entertaining them for a half hour or an hour at a time. This is the purpose of sitcoms, such as the popular NBC produced shows Friends and Fraiser, each appealing to different audiences, but both comedy bases for purposes of entertaining. Humor is not the only approach used in television entertainment. Shows, such as NYPD Blue, use thick plot lines and heavy drama to draw the viewer in. Entertaining society through this media has become a multibillion dollar industry. Top movies like Jurassic Park, which grossed 390 million dollars, bring millions of people to movie theater, which are basically large televisions, for the soul purpose of entertainment. Movies are not restricted only to theaters since they are available on video cassette and even broadcasted into millions of homes each day. The privilege of television as entertainment should be used, but not abused. For instance, watching six hours of television every night, stopping only to eat and sleep does not promote and active lifestyle, however, on the other end of the spectrum, never watching any television does not expose a person to a vast array of entertainment and information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television is able to show different roles in society and therefore people are able to better u... ...more educational and informative programs for children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society has been effected and will continue to be effected, not only by television, but by media in general. Television is a constant form of entertainment and excellent source of information that is assessable by millions of people. The education content in children television is beneficial to preschoolers and students alike. However, television has been the blame for many of societies faults because it is easy to contribute it to violence and a social lack of initiative. Television is such a small part of a much larger picture and its benefits far outweigh its faults. The idea of television as an informative and education media must be embraced in the future to receive its full benefits. Even the thought of a society without television is incomprehensible to many. Bibliography "Background Information: The Impact of Television on Children's Education." Http://haas.berkely.edu/~atham/background.html (October 21, 1996) Murray, John P. "Children and Television Violence." Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 4, No. 3 (1995), 7-14 "Top 50 Movies, 1993." The World Almanac and Book of Facts. 1995

Department of Food Science Essay

According to Stable Micro Ltd. (2013), â€Å"Texture analysis is the mechanical testing of food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and other consumer products either in compression or in tension. The TA. XTplus Texture Analyser assesses textural properties by capturing force, distance and time data at a rate of up to 500 points per second which is then displayed by fully integrated Exponent 32-bit software†. Characterization of food texture commonly falls into two main groups, based on sensory and instrumental methods of analysis. Sensory analysis includes of the senses of smell, taste, sound and touch. Evaluation of food texture by touch includes the use of fingers, as well as the lips, tongue, palate and teeth in the mouth. Strain is one of the rheological quantity associated with deformation which a measure of the relative displacement between the particles of a material. TA. XT2 texture analyser can be used to measure the strain, the change in length per unit length. The other quantity that being measured is a stress, a measure of force concentration on a material. Stress is the force per unit area that its magnitude be expressed in pascals. The variety of probes and fixtures for TA. XT2texture analyser which based on empirical principles may be classified according the type of action involved. As examples, compression, puncture and penetration, cutting and shearing, extrusion, tension, fracture and bending or snapping and adhesion. REFERENCES: Stable Micro Ltd. (2013). THE WORLD STANDARD FOR TEXTURE ANALYSIS. Stable Micro Systems. Retrieved from http://www. stablemicrosystems. com/frameset. htm? http://www. stablemicrosystems. com/taxtplus2. htm

EGO and Personality development essays

EGO and Personality development essays The ego, a word that is arbitrarily used by mean, has a quite distinct and significant meaning. Ego development is an aspect of psychology that has been discussed by a number of authors and psychologist. Many different authors have concluded a variety of theories behind the ego and its many stages and its effects upon ones personality. According to Zimbardo (1992) Freuds theory showed that personality differences arise from the different ways in which people deal with their fundamental drives. To explain theses differences, Freud pictured a continuing battle between two antagonistic parts of the personality, the id and the superego. The id is conceived of as the storehouse of the fundamental drives. The superego is considered to be the storehouse of an individuals values, including moral attitudes learned from society. This researcher, a supporter of Freudian psychology and Freudian theory of psychoanalysis, to be unbias will be difficult. This researcher will try to present both the supporters as well as the critics to Freuds theory of the connection between the ego and personality as best possible. One must not evaluate or criticize Freuds theories or to examine them in comparison with other theories unless one completely understands all of the proposed psychological theories. Zimbardo (1992) states that Freuds work assumes that ones personality is shaped and behavior is motivated by powerful inner forces. In addition, Zimbardo suggests that "...Freuds theory of personality boldly attempts to explain the origins and course of personality development, the nature of the mind..." The total personality consists of three systems, the id, the ego, and the superego. In a mentally healthy person, the three systems work in harmony and unity together to form one complete organization. The harmony enables one to create positive transactions with the environment. On the other ...

Linnaean Classification System (Scientific Names)

Linnaean Classification System (Scientific Names) In 1735, Carl Linnaeus published his Systema Naturae, which contained his taxonomy for organizing the natural world. Linneaus proposed three kingdoms, which were divided into classes. From classes, the groups were further divided into orders, families, genera (singular: genus), and species. An additional rank beneath species distinguished between highly similar organisms. While his system of classifying minerals has been discarded, a modified version of the Linnaean classification system is still used to identify and categorize animals and plants. Why Is the Linnaean System Important? The Linnaean system is important because it led to the use of binomial nomenclature to identify each species. Once the system was adopted, scientists could communicate without the use of misleading common names. A human being became a member of Homo sapiens, no matter what language a person spoke. How to Write a Genus Species Name A Linnaean name or scientific name has two parts (i.e., is binomial). First is the genus name, which is capitalized, followed by the species name, which is written in lowercase letters. In print, a genus and species name is italicized. For example, the scientific name for the house cat is Felis catus. After the first use of a full name, the genus name is abbreviated using only the first letter of the genus (e.g., F. catus). Be aware, there are actually two Linnaean names for many organisms. There is the original name given by Linnaeaus and the accepted scientific name (often different). Alternatives to Linnaean Taxonomy While the genus and species names of Linneaus rank-based classification system are used, cladististic systematics is increasingly popular. Cladistics categorizes organisms based on traits that can be traced to the most recent common ancestor. Essentially, its classification based on similar genetics. Original Linnaean Classification System When identifying an object, Linnaeus first looked at whether it was animal, vegetable, or mineral. These three categories were the original domains. Domains were divided into kingdoms, which were broken into phyla (singular: phylum) for animals and divisions for plants and fungi. Phyla or divisions were broken into classes, which in turn were divided into orders, families, genera (singular: genus), and species. Species in v were divided into subspecies. In botany, species were divided into varietas (singular: variety) and forma (singular: form). According to the 1758 version (10th edition) of the Imperium Naturae, the classification system was: Animals Classis 1: Mammalia (mammals)Classis 2: Aves (birds)Classis 3: Amphibia (amphibians)Classis 4: Pisces (fish)Classis 5: Insecta (insects)Classis 6: Vermes (worms) Plants Classis 1. Monandria: flowers with 1 stamenClassis 2. Diandria: flowers with 2 stamensClassis 3. Triandria: flowers with 3 stamensClassis 4. Tetrandria: flowers with 4 stamensClassis 5. Pentandria: flowers with 5 stamensClassis 6. Hexandria: flowers with 6 stamensClassis 7. Heptandria: flowers with 7 stamensClassis 8. Octandria: flowers with 8 stamensClassis 9. Enneandria: flowers with 9 stamensClassis 10. Decandria: flowers with 10 stamensClassis 11. Dodecandria: flowers with 12 stamensClassis 12. Icosandria: flowers with 20 (or more) stamensClassis 13. Polyandria: flowers with many stamensClassis 14. Didynamia: flowers with 4 stamens, 2 long and 2 shortClassis 15. Tetradynamia: flowers with 6 stamens, 4 long and 2 shortClassis 16. Monadelphia; flowers with the anthers separate, but the filaments united at the baseClassis 17. Diadelphia; flowers with the stamens united in two groupsClassis 18. Polyadelphia; flowers with the stamens united in several groupsClassis 19. Syngenesia; flo wers with 5 stamens having anthers united at the edges Classis 20. Gynandria; flowers having stamens united to the pistilsClassis 21. Monoecia: monoecious plantsClassis 22. Dioecia: dioecious plantsClassis 23. Polygamia: polygamodioecious plantsClassis 24. Cryptogamia: organisms that resemble plants but dont have flowers, which included fungi, algae, ferns, and bryophytes Minerals Classis 1. Petrà ¦ (rocks)Classis 2. Minerà ¦ (minerals)Classis 3. Fossilia (fossils)Classis 4. Vitamentra (possibly meant minerals with nutritional value or some vital essence) The mineral taxonomy is no longer in use. The ranking for plants has changed, since Linnaeus based his classes on the number of stamens and pistils of a plant. The animal classification is similar to the one in use today. For example, the modern scientific classification of the house cat is kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Felidae, subfamily Felinae, genus Felis, species catus. Fun Fact About the Taxonomy Many people assume Linnaeus invented ranking taxonomy. In actuality, the Linnaean system is simply his version of ordering. The system actually dates back to Plato and Aristotle. Reference Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

Compare and contrast the ideas about human nature in two theorists Essay

Compare and contrast the ideas about human nature in two theorists Hobbes and Locke - Essay Example Hobbes did not share the recognized assumption that man was a social animal by his nature claiming that society could not exist without the power of the state and proper government. Instead, he argued that motivation and particularly self-interest was the central factor that affected behaviour of human beings (Leviathan I 13). Although Hobbes developed a sophisticated system of such motives that included courage, honor, pity, compassion, and other, he strongly believed that self-interest played the key role while the other motives should be treated as supplementary or secondary. Premising from these assumptions, Hobbes developed his famous justification of morality based on self-interested actions (Leviathan I 6). Modern form of this theory, known as 'ethical egoism', postulates that a self-interested action should be regarded as a standard of good (Rachels, 2008). John Locke who had the religious sentiment Hobbes apparently lacked proceeded from the assumption of God's creation of man and, therefore, believed in the natural freedom of human being that included the right to pursue life, health, and property. Also Locke argued that human beings are social animal by nature and societies emerged as a result of the rational efforts of humans taken to protect themselves from adversities of living in the 'state of nature' (Locke, 1990). In other words, Locke believed that humans their natural state mostly kept their promises and obligations, while Hobbes denied any organization in the 'natural' society of men claiming that fear and self-interest were the primary motivators of human behavior. The dissimilarity of human nature views advocated by the two thinkers can further be illustrated by their treatment of political authority and modern nation-state. Legitimacy of authority is one of the fundamental questions in political philosophy. There are multiple issues and controversies involved in this major problem including the meaning of political authority, the distinction between political authority and political power, moral and legal aspects of political authority, and many others. Majority of contemporary political theorists consider that the state has authority in the descriptive sense. This means that the state maintains public order via creating rules and issuing commands that subjects generally obey due to the dominant belief that the state has authority to do so (Hart 1961). Locke and Hobbes explain the origins of such belief in entirely different ways. According to Thomas Hobbes, in prehistoric uncivilized times before any sort of government emerged, there was constant war with "every man, against every man" (Hobbes, 1668, p.12). Consequently, Hobbesian justification of authority logically followed from the total brutality of human beings in their natural state characterized by intolerance: submission to authority was the only way to eliminate the brutality and intolerance of the State of Nature (Hobbes, 1668). By contrast, John Locke believed that the original state of man was not as hostile as Hobbes thought. In Locke's opinion happiness, reason and tolerance were the core characteristics of the natural man, and all humans, in their original state, were equal and absolutely free to pursue things, considered as indisputable rights, namely "life, health, liberty and possessions"

Skin lightening obsession in asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Skin lightening obsession in asia - Essay Example Man is asocial being whose decisions concerning several aspects of the society are influenced by a number of factors especially by the things that happen around them. With the coming and expansion of technology, the human society has realized tremendous expansion through knowledge of distant places thus influencing people’s perceptions concerning various activities and events taking place around the globe. The problems associated with the practice of skin lightening among various societies have prompted the backgrounds of this study Skin lightening is utterly influenced by the society’s definition of beauty as influenced by the dominant cultures, majorly the western culture. Different societies have different definitions for the term beauty and the asscoiated apearences. Due to the close connectivity between various sociaeties through the internet connectivity and technolgogical developments, these definitions have continued to tremendously influence perceptioons in the other communties far and wide. However, practicin skin lightenmign has not been without its disadvantages as Bush, (2013) records hence the main concern on the influence of the media and the asociety in general in promting such practiec within it. Even though skin lightenign has been associated with beauty in some communities, skin bleaching is currently raisighn questions on the personality and ethics in different societies. As Bush notes, the demerits of lightening one’s skin colouration far much outweigh the beenfits hence the constant calls to abandon such practices and adopt more sound and uproght determination of beauty in avrious communities aroudn the globe. As oppsoeed to man, women are the most affected when it comes the the crave for beauty and consequently, the need to lightent their skins as a beauty model. Skin lightenign is not